The Copolymerization of Alkenes with Maleic Anhydride

The investigations presented deal with the experimental results of the copolymerization of maleic anhydride (MAn) with alkenes. The course of the reaction is explained by the overall rate of the copolymerization (v _Br), which correlates with the solution viscosity of the copolymer, and the dependence of the v _Br maximum on the mole ratio of the monomers at constant total monomer concentration. The use of solvents with increasing donor power leads to increased complexing of the free MAn molecules and of the MAn radical chain ends. The results demonstrate that, for low 1-alkenes, the addition of the MAn chain radical is the rate-determining step of the copolymerization. As the substituents on the olefinic double bond become larger or the double bond shifts to the 1,2-position, the addition of MAn to the hydrocarbon radical becomes more and more the rate-determining step. On the other hand, an increase of the CT complexation of the MAn polymer radical by use of donor solvents decreases the alkene addition rate.     

载银二氧化钛纳米管表面pH敏感膜构建及其抑菌特性

采用表面涂覆硅烷偶联剂KH550、两步光接枝、阳极氧化等方法,在钛表面成功制备出一种pH型敏感膜覆盖的载银二氧化钛（TiO₂）纳米管阵列。利用扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、能谱分析（EDS）、原子吸收光谱（AAS）对该pH敏感膜覆盖的载银TiO₂纳米管阵列理化性能进行了表征,采用抑菌环实验定性考察了样品的抗菌特性,并计算其抑菌率。结果表明,含银离子溶液在毛细管力作用下大量进入TiO₂纳米管中,并在pH型敏感膜的调控下,使银离子在不同pH环境下具备不同的释放行为,从而达到良好的控释效果;载银TiO₂纳米管的抑菌率与银离子负载量成正比,且抗菌性能持久。     

Transportation of a microdroplet on an oriented liquid crystal surface

Wetting phenomena play important roles in several technological applications and in many physical and biological thin‐film phenomena, such as wetting, adhesion and friction. One of key issues of these studies is to control the surface energy (or wettability) dynamically for liquid transportation. We have developed a liquid crystal (LC) surface for use as a transport substrate since we expected that the surface energy of an LC surface can be controlled rapidly using an electric field. The rapid control of the polarisability (or wettability) of a liquid crystalline surface by an electric field has been demonstrated, together with the transportation of a liquid microdroplet.     

智能弹药的实时仿真可视化系统设计

针对仿真可视化系统开发时间长、开发费用高的问题,提出了一种利用Unity3D引擎进行实时仿真可视化系统开发的模块式设计方法。首先,对武器仿真可视化系统进行了分析,提出了智能弹药实时仿真可视化系统的五大模块;然后,通过在3ds Max下建立智能弹药模型和Unity3D下的二次开发,构建了智能弹药仿真可视化系统的仿真环境,以C#为编程工具,设计了仿真驱动、串口数据通讯和仿真输出模块;最终,实现了智能弹药实时仿真可视化系统。实验证明,该系统可以有效地在监视器上实时显示出智能弹药的飞行姿态、飞行参数和飞行轨迹。     

统计数据采样算法

将集中式控制系统常用的结构二层结构改进为智能化的三层结构的设计方案,即传感器、智能巡检仪和上位机。上位机既可以直接读取传感器的数据也可读取智能巡检仪的数据。此方案较好地解决了二层结构所出现的问题,并且也适合交大规模的其它类型的控制系统。这种设计方案存在当规模时上位机采集数据出现丢失现象。本文提出了利用数据库的历史数据及控制曲线的线性特征的数据采集算法,较好地解决了数据丢失的问题。并以温控系统为例仿真了在较大规模控制环境下的试验结果。     

山区智能视觉火情高空图像搜集系统的设计与实现

介绍了一种针对山区多样性突发火情事件中基于智能视觉的高空图像搜集系统,采用以ST意法半导体公司的STM32F107VCT6为处理核心的开发平台,地面控制平台通过高空无人机的高速照相机对目标区域火情图像数据进行搜集,并将图像数据带回到地面控制平台的PC处理器上进行综合分析。地面控制平台根据智能视觉信息采集模块采集的山区遥感图像的均值作为初始背景,并对背景图像进行实时更新,利用光谱特征与距离算法获取差分图像,并进行图像处理,从而获取山区发生火情区域的图像分析数据,以实现对山区森林突发火情事件的及时监测,在火情发生初始阶段就能扑灭。本文对山区智能视觉火情高空搜集系统的实现原理、核心硬件设计、系统软件设计等分别进行了研究,并通过系统实验进行了验证,测试结果表明,该系统在对山区的高空图像搜集实验中,对不同颜色物体的分别识别率为100%,对火灾与地形地貌的识别率为95.55%和81.12%,非常适用于各种山区环境下的智能视觉监控系统。     

Pore Engineering for Covalent Organic Framework Membranes

Membrane technology is of particular significance for the sustainable development of society owing to its potential capacity to tackle the energy shortage and environmental pollution. Membrane materials are the core part of membrane technology. Researchers have always been pursuing predictable structures of advanced membrane materials, which provides a possibility to fully unlock the potential of membranes. Covalent organic frameworks(COFs), with the advantage of controllable pore microenvironment, are considered to be promising candidates to achieve this design concept. The customizable function of COF membranes through pore engineering does well in the enhancement of selective permeability performance, which offers COF membranes with great application potentials in separation and transportation fields. In this context, COF-based membranes have been developed rapidly in recent years. Herein, we present a brief overview on the strategies developed for pore engineering of COF membranes in recent years, including skeleton engineering, pore surface engineering, host-guest chemistry and membrane fabrication. Moreover, the features of transmission or separation of molecules/ions based on COF membranes and corresponding applications are also introduced. In the last part, the challenges and prospects of the development of COF membranes are discussed.     

Characterization of Food Packaging Films with Blackcurrant Fruit Waste as a Source of Antioxidant and Color Sensing Intelligent Material

Chitosan and pectin films were enriched with blackcurrant pomace powder (10 and 20% (w/w)), as bio-based material, to minimize food production losses and to increase the functional properties of produced films aimed at food coatings and wrappers. Water vapor permeability of active films increased up to 25%, moisture content for 27% in pectin-based ones, but water solubility was not significantly modified. Mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break and Young’s modulus) were mainly decreased due to the residual insoluble particles present in blackcurrant waste. FTIR analysis showed no significant changes between the film samples. The degradation temperatures, determined by DSC, were reduced by 18 °C for chitosan-based samples and of 32 °C lower for the pectin-based samples with blackcurrant powder, indicating a disturbance in polymer stability. The antioxidant activity of active films was increased up to 30-fold. Lightness and redness of dry films significantly changed depending on the polymer type. Significant color changes, especially in chitosan film formulations, were observed after exposure to different pH buffers. This effect is further explored in formulations that were used as color change indicators for intelligent biopackaging.     

基于现场总线的高隔离度可调直流电源嵌入式控制器设计

模块级联是用于绝缘实验所需的高性能对称双极型矩形波脉冲电源的一种方法,为实现级联,需要有能够协调工作的高隔离度直流电源。设计出嵌入到各电源的板级嵌入式控制器BEC,使各BEC作为从节点利用RS485接口和ModBus协议与嵌入式主控制器EHC构成一个主从式现场总线网络,并在主节点EHC的控制下协调工作。利用BEC内的STM32F103C8处理器产生隔离DC-DC桥的互补PWM控制信号和高隔离输出电压,并进行电流和输出电压的隔离检测。由基于电流切换的变参数增量式数字PI算法来确定脉冲宽度值,产生Buck调压电路的闭环PWM控制信号,实现输出电压的调压和稳压控制。实验结果表明该嵌入式控制器能够满足级联式对称双极型矩形波脉冲电源对高隔离度可调直流电源的需要。     

疏水改性pH响应型智能水凝胶P(HEMA-NaAA-DiAC16)的制备及其溶胀性能

以二烯丙基胺和1-溴代十六烷为原料合成了疏水单体N,N-二烯丙基正十六烷胺(DiAC16),用FTIR、1H NMR 和元素分析对其进行了表征。 以2-羟基甲基丙烯酸乙酯(HEMA)、丙烯酸(AA)和N,N-二烯丙基正十六烷胺为共聚单体,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(BIS)为交联剂,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为表面活性剂,过硫酸铵-四甲基乙二胺(TMEDA)为引发体系,制得的疏水改性智能水凝胶P(HEMA-NaAA-DiAC16)具有pH敏感特性。 研究了DiAC16、NaAA、BIS用量及pH值和离子强度等因素对水凝胶P(HEMA-NaAA-DiAC16)溶胀性能的影响。 结果表明,凝胶在水中的平衡溶胀率(为78.9～163.91),随DiAC16、BIS用量的增加和NaAA用量的减少而减少,n值(一般在0.5~1.0之间)随DiAC16、NaAA和BIS用量的增加而增加,为非Fickian扩散。 水凝胶的吸水溶胀是放热过程,ΔHm在-2.09～-3.64 kJ/mol,ΔHm的绝对值随DiAC16用量的减少、NaAA用量和BIS用量的增加而增大,聚合物与水的亲和力逐渐增强。 随离子强度的增强,平衡溶胀率下降。